基于STC15W4K56S4单片机的点光源跟踪系统设计(论文11500字)
摘要
近年来，自然能源的采集、提取和利用一直是一个炙手可热的话题，也是国家政府重视的发展项目和重要课题。现在能源的使用问题，我们已经不能单独依靠传统的能源，而在新能源中太阳能的采集，对于节能、减少二氧化碳等气体的排放、节约不能重生能源等方面都意义重大。
本设计在于使用单片机结合传感器、舵机、显示模块来实现点光源的追踪电路设计，从而实现对太阳能的采集。本方案是利用STC15W4K56S4单片机控制舵机角度的转变并用OLED 显示太阳能充电板的电量。光敏电阻传感器成功得到光源位置后，通过算法将其变为合适的模拟电压并传输给单片机。单片机使用自己的A/D模块将转换后的信号递给PWM。PWM控制模块通过改变传输给转向装置的控制信号的占空比来控制其转动合适的角度，使电池板对准点光源充电。最后采用OLED 显示屏将充电板的充电电量。本系统需要再有点光源的情况下进行多次试验，以便可以采集出电池板的充电波形。本实验在一定程度上缩短了太阳能板的充电时间，提升了太阳能的使用率，在节源环保方面具有现实意义。
关键词：光源；跟踪；STC15W4K56S4；检测；传感器
Abstract
In recent years, the collection, extraction and utilization of natural energy has always been a hot topic, and it is also a development project and an important topic that the national government attaches importance to. Nowadays, the use of energy, we can not rely on traditional energy alone, and the collection of solar energy in new energy is of great significance for energy conservation, reduction of carbon dioxide and other gas emissions, and saving of energy.
The design is to use a single-chip microcomputer combined with a sensor, a steering gear, and a display module to realize the tracking circuit design of the point light source, thereby realizing the collection of solar energy. This solution uses the STC15W4K56S4 single-chip microcomputer to control the change of the steering angle and display the power of the solar charging board with OLED. After the photoresistor sensor successfully obtains the position of the light source, it is converted into a suitable analog voltage by an algorithm and transmitted to the microcontroller. The microcontroller uses its own A/D module to pass the converted signal to the PWM. The PWM control module controls the rotation of the appropriate angle by changing the duty ratio of the control signal transmitted to the steering device to charge the panel to the point source. Finally, the OLED display will charge the charging board. Finally, the OLED display will charge the charging board. The system needs to perform a number of tests with a little light source so that the charging waveform of the panel can be collected. This experiment has shortened the charging time of solar panels to a certain extent, and improved the utilization rate of solar energy, which has practical significance in terms of environmental protection.
Key words:light source；track；STC15W4K56S4；Detection；sensor
摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
目录 I
引言 1
第一章绪论 2
1.1 课题背景 2
1.2中外研究现状 2
1.2.1国内发展现状 2
1.2.2国外发展现状 3
1.3 研究目的及意义 3
1.4研究内容 4
1.5方案设计思路 4
第二章 舵机控制与PWM控制的相关原理 5
2.1 PWM控制原理 5
2.1.1 STC15W4K56S4的PWM控制模块结构及原理 5
2.1.2 PWM脉宽调速原理 6
2.2舵机驱动原理 6
第三章 点光源追踪系统硬件设计 8
3.1单片机电路 8
3.1.1 STC15W4K56S4单片机简介 8
3.1.2 STC15W4K56S4运用引脚说明 8
3.1.3单片机最小系统 9
3.2 光信号采集电路 10
3.3 舵机与舵机控制器 11
3.3.1舵机的选择 11
3.3.2 舵机控制器 13
3.5电源电路 15
3.5 OLED显示电路 15
第四章 点光源追踪系统软件设计 17
4.1软件系统概述 17
4.2 主程序流程图 17
4.3 光敏传感器模块程序设计 18
4.4 PWM控制程序设计 20
4.5 舵机程序设计 21
4.6 OLED 显示程序设计 22
4.7 实验结果 23
结论 24
参考文献 25
谢辞 26
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