我国外逃贪官引渡的法律障碍与对策研究(论文16000字)
Legal obstacles and countermeasures of our country’ s escaping corrupt official’s extradition
摘 要
以习近平总书记为核心的党中央高度重视反腐败追逃工作，要求各个有关部门加大交涉力度，不能让外国成为一些腐败分子的“避罪天堂”。从2014年中央反腐败协调小组国际追逃追赃办公室到“猎狐行动2014”、“天网行动2015”、“天网行动2016”，随着反腐败追逃追赃工作的全面开展，我国在国际反腐领域的话语权逐渐扩大，主导权和领导力逐步确立。
随着反腐追逃的法治化与司法化，我国自2016年开始了国家监察体制改革试点工作。中央改革思路是建立集中统一、权威高效的监察体制。其中，国家监察委员会是代表国家与国际反腐败公约接轨的法定组织，改变了当前多头主管、职能交叉的现状。近年来，国内外学者围绕反腐这一主题的研究成果突飞猛进，但在国际刑事司法合作与国际刑事司法协助的研究上仍存在信息不对称等问题，特别是对外逃贪官引渡难的问题已经成为我国追逃外逃贪官最大障碍，从这个角度来讲十分具有研究价值。
本文采用横向与纵向对比的方式，集中阐述了在我国司法体制改革与国家监察体制改革下，如何解决我国引渡外逃贪官的障碍。围绕我国已经与周边国家签订的双边与多边条约，并对比西方国家的先进经验与健全的法律体系，分析其对我国的启示。不仅需要理论研究的深入，更需要司法实践的探索。为此，本文在考察我国追逃贪官现状、审视追逃贪官的法律依据、分析现有引渡法律与机制问题的不足基础上，提出了完善立法、明确原则、细化程序、适用引渡替代措施、营造司法环境五个方面的对策与思路，以解决实务问题。 本文主要运用文献检索法、案例说明法、综合分析法等研究方法。由于境外追逃具有很强的实践性、灵活性，同时受到外交、国际关系的影响，笔者由于受到身份的限制并未能参加到实际的追逃工作过程中，所以本文研究的展开，全部依据已经出台的法律、已签订的条约、公开发表的专著、论文、新闻。由于不能掌握全面完整的素材，使得理论研究难免滞后于真实情况和实际工作。本文的创新点在于紧跟国家监察体制改革的大背景，探讨新时代下追捕外逃贪官的新形式。
关键词：外逃贪官；引渡；障碍对策；
Abstract
The General Secretary Xi Jinping as the core of party Central Committee attaches great importance to the fight against corruption .It requires all relevant departments to intensify their negotiations and cannot allow foreign countries to become "paradoxes" for corrupt officials. Since the establishment of the Central Anti-Corruption Coordination Team's International Track Office in 2014, Liehu Action 2014, Skynet Action 2015 and 2016 have been launched. With the full implementation of the memorialization work, China’s discourse power in the field of international anti-corruption has been gradually expanded, and the dominance and leadership have gradually been established.
With the rule of law and judicialization of anti-corruption pursuit, China started the pilot work of the national supervision system reform since 2016. The central reform idea is to establish a centralized, unified, authoritative and efficient monitoring system. Among them, the National Supervisory Commission is the statutory organization that represents the country’s integration with international anti-corruption conventions, changing the current status of multi-headed supervisors and cross-functional functions. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have made rapid progress in research on the theme of anti-corruption. However, there are still problems such as information asymmetry in the international criminal justice cooperation and international criminal judicial assistance research. In particular, the issue of extradition of corrupt officials has become a problem in our country. The biggest obstacle to escaping corrupt officials is the research value from this perspective.
This article adopts a horizontal and vertical contrast method, and concentrates on how to solve the obstacles to the extradition of corrupt officials in China under the reform of China’s judicial system and the national monitoring system. Focusing on the bilateral and multilateral treaties that China has signed with neighboring countries, and comparing Western countries’ advanced experience and sound legal systems, we will analyze their implications for China. Not only does it require deeper theoretical research, but also requires exploration of judicial practice. Therefore, on the basis of examining the current situation of China’s pursuit of corrupt officials, reviewing the legal basis for corrupt officials, and analyzing the existing problems of extradition laws and mechanisms, this paper proposes to improve legislation, clarify principles, refine procedures, and apply alternative measures for extradition. The five measures and ideas for the judicial environment to solve practical problems. This article mainly adopts the method of literature investigation, case analysis, comprehensive analysis methods and so on. Since overseas pursuits have strong practicality and flexibility, they are also affected by diplomacy and international relations.The author was restricted by his identity and failed to participate in the actual pursuit process, the development of this study was based on the laws that had been issued, the signed treaties, and the published monographs, articles, and news. Due to the inability to grasp comprehensive and complete material, research unavoidably lags behind real conditions and actual work. The innovation of this paper is to keep track on the background of the reform of the national supervision system and to explore new forms of chasing corrupt officials in the new era.
Key words: Corrupt official; Extradition; Obstacles and Countermeasures;
目 录
引 论 - 1 -
一、我国外逃贪官引渡综述 - 1 -
（一）现状与危害 - 1 -
（二）追逃综述 - 2 -
（三）引渡综述 - 3 -
二、我国外逃贪官引渡的法律障碍 - 5 -
（一）我国已签署的双边与多边引渡条约利用率低下 - 5 -
（二）我国外逃贪官引渡原则缺少可操作性 - 6 -
（三）我国引渡外逃贪官的程序存在漏洞 - 8 -
（四）执法主体能力与策略方针有待提升 - 8 -
三、我国外逃贪官引渡法律障碍的对策 - 9 -
（一）加快双边与多边引渡条约缔结，完善立法 - 9 -
（二）适时调整引渡相关原则，达成个案协议 - 9 -
（三）细化引渡简易程序，高效追逃 - 11 -
（四）合理适用引渡替代措施，制定策略 - 12 -
（五）结合司法体制与监察体制改革，源头预防 - 13 -
结语 - 14 -
主要参考文献 - 14 - |
