DTA-2型太阳能跟踪驱动装置设计(含CAD零件图装配图)(任务书,开题报告,设计说明书10000字,CAD图4张)
摘要
如何更加高效的利用太阳能成了能源日益缺乏的今天研究的重点课题之一。现在利用太阳能普遍是通过光伏系统将光能转换为电能，主要也是以固定的方式来利用太阳能，但是固定式光伏系统存在利用率的问题，所以针对该问题，本文设计了一个通过单片机控制的双轴机械太阳能跟踪的装置系统，以实现太阳能电池板对太阳的跟踪，从而可以提高太阳对太阳能电池板的辐射量，最终达到提高太阳能的利用率的目的。要实现对太阳的双轴跟踪，主要要实现两个运动，即太阳能板方位角的调整和高度角的调整。本文的设计为利用步进电机通过蜗轮蜗杆减速器，再带动装置的方位轴，从而实现太阳能板方位角的调整，蜗轮蜗杆减速器还能实现自锁，以增加系统的稳定性和跟踪精度；太阳高度角的追踪是利用步进电机带动丝杠从而控制俯仰轴来实现。本设计对双轴太阳能跟踪器主要进行了机械系统和控制系统的设计，利用传感器采集光信号，再经过单片机分析处理，“识别”太阳光线，通过控制两个步进电机，完成对太阳的双轴跟踪。晴天时，能实现太阳能电池板与太阳光线保持垂直；阴天、夜晚或者太阳辐射较弱时，光电传感器采集不到光信号，系统不跟踪。整个设计对太阳能的利用率有了很大提高。[1][2]
关键字：双轴太阳能跟踪器；自动控制；单片机；蜗轮蜗杆减速器；
Abstract
How to make more efficient use of solar energy has become one of the key issues in today's research that energy is increasingly lacking. Nowadays, solar energy is commonly used to convert light energy into electricity through photovoltaic systems. The main reason is to use solar energy in a fixed manner. However, there are problems with the utilization of fixed photovoltaic systems. Therefore, in this paper, a dual-controller-controlled dual-control system is designed for this problem. Shaft mechanical solar tracking device system, in order to achieve solar tracking of the solar panels, which can increase the solar radiation on the solar panel, and ultimately achieve the purpose of improving the utilization of solar energy. To achieve two-axis tracking of the sun, we must achieve two movements, namely the adjustment of the solar panel azimuth and the adjustment of the elevation angle. The design of this paper is to use stepper motor through the worm gear reducer and then drive the azimuth axis of the device to realize the adjustment of solar panel azimuth. The worm and worm reducer can also realize self-locking to increase the stability and tracking accuracy of the system. The tracking of the solar altitude angle is achieved by using a stepping motor to drive the screw to control the pitch axis. This design mainly designs the mechanical system and control system for the dual-axis solar tracker, uses the sensor to collect the optical signal, and then analyzes and processes the single-chip microcomputer to “recognize” the solar light. By controlling two stepper motors, the dual-solar system is completed. Axis tracking. On sunny days, the solar panels can be kept perpendicular to the sun's rays; when cloudy days, nights, or when the solar radiation is weak, the photoelectric sensors cannot acquire light signals and the system does not track them. The entire design has greatly improved the utilization of solar energy.
Key Words：Dual axis solar tracker; Automatic control; Single-chip microcomputer; Worm gear reducer
方位角跟踪装置的设计
跟踪太阳方位角采用步进电机输出轴经过蜗轮蜗杆减速器，然后带动太阳能电池板旋转的方式实现。步进电机输出轴经过蜗轮蜗杆减速器，能降低启动速度增大转矩，蜗轮蜗杆减速器还能实现自锁，以增加系统的稳定性和跟踪精度。下面主要设计蜗轮蜗杆。
经过基本的估算，总质量200Kg，所以支承轴承的基本静载荷为2000N，选择型号为81220。
取轴承摩擦系数为0.004，由此算得摩擦力为F=11.4N，进一步可算得摩擦阻力距为Mf=0.568N•m，将过载情况考虑在内，将摩擦力距扩大两倍得Mf=1.136M•m
目录
摘要 1
第1章 绪论 3
第2章 太阳能跟踪器总体设计 5
2.1太阳运行规律 5
2.2跟踪方式的比较 5
2.2.1单轴跟踪 5
2.2.2双轴跟踪 6
2.2.3机械跟踪方式的选择 6
第3章 机械装置和系统设计 8
3.1 方位角跟踪装置的设计 8
3.2 俯仰角调节的装置设计 15
第4章 太阳能跟踪器控制系统设计 17
4.1跟踪方案的比较和选择 17
4.2控制系统硬件组成 18
4.2.1光电池传感器的安装 19
4.2.2控制系统硬件选择与控制电路 19
4.3控制系统软件设计 20
第5章 发电效率比较 22
5.1固定式日发电量 22
5.2跟踪式日发电量 23
5.3发电效率的提升 23
第6章 结论 24
参考文献 25
致谢 26
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