爆破振动对民房的影响分析

爆破振动对民房的影响分析(任务书,开题报告,论文14500字)
摘 要
随着科技逐渐进步和经济日益增长，我国的基本建设也在飞速发展，爆破因其快速、高效、成本低廉而极具优势地被广泛应用于工程建造中，它在为人们的生产生活带来极大的便利和巨大的经济效益的同时，其引发的危害也日渐明显，其中最为突出的问题是爆破过程中产生的振动对除目标外的周边建筑物的损坏。
为了研究爆破振动对民房的影响，本文应用ANSYS软件采用动力有限元方法，参照实际爆破过程中爆破现场情形，选取实际爆破中常见的双层砖混结构房屋进行建模，建立一个三维空间实体模型，分析爆破地震波作用下民房结构的动力响应，根据理论分析选择若干易发生破坏的位置点和普通位置点进行监测，得出各监测点随时间变化的有效塑性应变曲线、有效应力曲线和沿X、Y、Z轴三个方向的振动速度曲线，通过对比分析可知：民房结构的门窗脚点处、墙体连接处等位置容易产生应力集中，产生裂缝；民房第一层所受应力远大于第二层所受应力，层与层之间存在相对位移。此外，在研究爆破振动对民房的影响时，必须考虑结构自身的承载能力和多次振动荷载作用下造成的累积破坏。
关键词：爆破振动；民房结构；动力响应；LS-DYNA

Abstract
In the wake of gradual development in science and increasing growth in economy, the basic construction of our country is booming. On account of enormous advantages, such as fast, high effciency, low cast and so on, blasting is widely used in engineering construction, which brings a great convenience for people's life and huge economic benefits for ordinary manufactures. In the meantime, the harm initiated by blasting has become more and more obvious of which the most prominent problem is blasting vibration producing in the blasting process, which damage surrounding buildings in addition to the target.
    In order to study the impact of blasting vibration on buildings, this paper utilizes dynamic finite element method with applications of ANSYS analysis software, referring to the blasting scene in actual blasting process, to establish a three dimensional spatial entity model, which selects a common double masonry structures being of brick in actual blasting. After analyzing the dynamic response of building structures underneath the action of blasting seismic waves, a number of position points prone to damage and others, based on theoretical analysis, have been singled out to monitor. Then effective plastic strain curves, effective stress curves and vibration velocity curves along the three directions of X, Y and Z axes of each monitoring point with time variation have been obtained.Comparative analysis on account of above shows that some important positions of house structure like foot points of doors and windows, wall junctions, and so on, are easy to engender focused stress to feather checking and there is a relative displacement between the first layer and the second layer, because the stress on the first layer of the house is much higher than the stress on the second layer. In addition, carrying capacity of structure itself and cumulative fracture caused by multiple vibration loading must be considered to study the impact of blasting vibration on buildings.
Key words: blasting vibration; house structures; dynamic response; LS-DYNA

目 录
摘 要    I
Abstract    II
第一章  绪论    2
1.1 研究背景和意义    2
1.2国内外研究现状    2
1.2.1爆破地震波的研究现状    2
1.2.2爆破振动强度预测研究现状    3
1.2.2.1经验公式法    3
1.2.2.2 计算机数值模拟和神经网络模拟    4
1.2.3 爆破地震波作用下结构响应的研究现状    4
1.3 主要研究内容    5
第二章  爆破地震波理论    6
2.1 爆破振动产生机理    6
2.2 球形药包的爆破作用    6
2.3 条形药包的爆破作用    7
2.4 爆破地震波的传播方式及组成    7
2.5 爆破地震波的衰减规律    8
2.5 爆破地震波的主要参数    9
2.5.1 爆破地震波的幅值    10
2.5.2 爆破地震波的频率    10
2.5.3 爆破地震波的持续时间    11
第三章  爆破地震波作用下结构响应分析    12
3.1 爆破地震波对结构的作用效应    12
3.2 爆破地震波作用下结构的破坏特征    12
3.3 爆破地震波作用下结构的破坏类型    12
第四章  爆破地震波作用下结构响应数值模拟    14
4.1 砖混结构有限元模型的建立    14
4.1.1 砖混结构中砌体在有限元中的模型    14
4.1.2 建立几何模型    15
4.1.3 炸药材料模型与状态方程    16
4.2 模拟分析    16
第五章  减震措施    25
5.1 爆源角度    25
5.2 爆破地震波的传播途径角度    25
5.3  地表受保护的建筑物角度    25
第六章  结论    27
参考文献：    28
致  谢    30