汽车变速箱箱体加工工艺及夹具设计

摘  要
本设计是汽车变速箱箱体零件的加工工艺规程及一些工序的专用夹具设计。汽车变速箱箱体零件的主要加工表面是平面及孔系。一般来说，保证平面的加工精度要比保证孔系的加工精度容易。因此，本设计遵循先面后孔的原则。并将孔与平面的加工明确划分成粗加工和精加工阶段以保证孔系加工精度。基准选择以变速箱箱体的输入轴和输出轴的支承孔作为粗基准，以顶面与两个工艺孔作为精基准。主要加工工序安排是先以支承孔系定位加工出顶平面，再以顶平面与支承孔系定位加工出工艺孔。在后续工序中除个别工序外均用顶平面和工艺孔定位加工其他孔系与平面。支承孔系的加工采用的是坐标法镗孔。整个加工过程均选用组合机床。夹具选用专用夹具，夹紧方式多选用气动夹紧，夹紧可靠，机构可以不必自锁。因此生产效率较高。适用于大批量、流水线上加工。能够满足设计要求。

关键词：变速箱 加工工艺 专用夹具

Abstract
The design is about the special-purpose clamping apparatus of the machining technology process and some working procedures of the car gearbox parts. The main machining surface of the car gearbox parts is the plane and a series of hole. Generally speaking, to guarantee the working accuracy of the plane is easier than to guarantee the hole’s. So the design follows the principle of plane first and hole second. And in order to guarantee the working accuracy of the series of hole, the machining of the hole and the plane is clearly divided into rough machining stage and finish machining stage. The supporting hole of the input bearing and output bearing is as the rough datum. And the top area and two technological holes are as the finish datum. The main process of machining technology is that first, the series of supporting hole fix and machine the top plane, and then the top plane and the series of supporting hole fix and machine technological hole. In the follow-up working procedure, all working procedures except several special ones fix and machine other series of hole and plane by using the top plane and technological hole. The machining way of the series of supporting hole is to bore hole by coordinate. The combination machine tool and special-purpose clamping apparatus are used in the whole machining process. The clamping way is to clamp by pneumatic and is very helpful. The instruction does not have to lock by itself. So the product efficiency is high. It is applicable for mass working and machining in assembly line. It can meet the design requirements.

Keywords: Gearbox  machining  technology  special-purpose  clamping apparatus

零件的作用
题目给出的零件是汽车变速箱箱体。变速箱箱体的主要作用是支承各传动轴，保证各轴之间的中心距及平行度，并保证变速箱部件与发动机正确安装。因此汽车变速箱箱体零件的加工质量，不但直接影响汽车变速箱的装配精度和运动精度，而且还会影响汽车的工作精度、使用性能和寿命。汽车变速箱主要是实现汽车的变速，改变汽车的运动速度。汽车变速箱箱体零件的顶面用以安装变速箱盖，前后端面支承孔 、 用以安装传动轴，实现其变速功能。

 

目  录    17000字
摘要
Abstract
绪论
1    汽车变速箱加工工艺规程设计 ………………………………………(1)
1.1 零件的分析 ………………………………………………………………(1)
    1.1.1零件的作用…………………………………………………………(1)
    1.1.2零件的工艺分析……………………………………………………(1)
  1.2变速箱箱体加工的主要问题和工艺过程设计所应采取的相应措施 (2)
    1.2.1孔和平面的加工顺序………………………………………………(2)
    1.2.2孔系加工方案选择……………………………………………………(2)
  1.3变速箱箱体加工定位基准的选择………………………………………(5)
    1.3.1粗基准的选择………………………………………………………… (5)
    1.3.2精基准的选择……………………………………………………… (5)
  1.4变速箱箱体加工主要工序安排……………………………………………(5)
  1.5机械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定…………………………(7)
2 专用夹具设计……………………………………………………………(47)
  2.1加工工艺孔夹具设计…………………………………………………… (47)
    2.1.1定位基准的选择…………………………………………………… (47)
    2.1.2切削力的计算与夹紧力分析…………………………………(47)
    2.1.3夹紧元件及动力装置确定…………………………………………(48)
2.1.4钻套、衬套、钻模板及夹具体设计………………………………(49)
2.1.5夹具精度分析………………………………………………………(51)
2.1.6夹具设计及操作的简要说明………………………………………(52)
2.2粗铣前后端面夹具设计………………………………………………(53)
2.2.1定位基准的选择…………………………………………………(53)
2.2.2定位元件的设计……………………………………………………(53)
2.2.3定位误差分析………………………………………………………(55)
2.2.4铣削力与夹紧力计算………………………………………………(55)
2.2.5定向键与对刀装置设计……………………………………………(56)
2.2.6夹紧装置及夹具体设计……………………………………………(57)
2.2.7夹具设计及操作的简要说明………………………………………(59)
结束语……………………………………………………………………………
致谢……………………………………………………………………………(61)
参考文献……………………………………………………………………
附件1：毕业设计(论文)任务书…………………………………………………(62)
附件2：毕业设计(论文)指导教师评语…………………………………………(64)
附件3：毕业设计(论文)评阅人评语……………………………………………(65)
附件4：毕业设计(论文)答辩小组评语…………………………………………(66)
外国文献翻译……………………………………………………………………(67)