浅论行政不作为及其法律规制(硕士)(论文34000字)
On the administrative omission and its legal regulation
摘 要
最近以来，在司法界出现了一个新的热点，那就是行政不作为现象已经得到了越来越多的人关注，虽然此现象一直也存在但是之前却没有很多人关注过。之所以这类现象有所发展，全是随着社会法律宣传不断深入以及公民的法律意识不断加强的结果。此文对政府的不作为进行了系统的研究，对此行为给予一些法律规制方面的意见，研究从概念、特征方面为着手点，对这些行为进行分类和构成要件。要治理行政不作为必须深入开展公务员职业道德教育，完善行政责任问责机制，健全行政不作为诉讼救济制度，并且将行政不作为赔偿责任纳入国家赔偿的范围。
本文共分为四个部分。第一个部分主要是阐述了行政不作为的概念以及它的特点。当行政的主体应该按照法律规定对相对人给予帮助或是解决困难，而且行政的主体在行使其职权的时候并不存在着不可抗拒的客观条件的时候，行政主体却没有履行其应该履行的职权或是故意拖延，行政主体的行为就可以断定为行政不作为的行为。根据定义，我们可知，行政不作为行为具备的特点有隐蔽性、违法性、消极性以及其行为还能对社会造成危害的特性。第二部分沿着行政法治发展的脉络，进一步剖析了行政不作为法律规制的理论基础。第三部分探讨对行政不作为的事前法律规制。通过构建科学的行政组织及公务员制度，从源头上减少行政不作为；发挥行政程序法在控制行政不作为中的作用；加强监督，控制行政不作为。第四部分探讨对行政不作为的事后法律规制。只有将侵犯公用利益的行政作为以及抽象的行政不作为现象都归入到司法能够审查的范围，深入完善我国的行政赔偿制度，才能真正地完整我国的行政法律。最终于结语中提出，对行政不作为的控制是一个系统工程，不仅涉及全部行政法理论与制度，甚至涉及宪政、行政管理等诸多问题。行政不作为独特的理论价值是研究它的魅力所在。
关键词：行政作为 行政不作为 法律规制 社会法治国 行政不作为的赔偿
Abstract
In recent years along ，with the legislation and the gradual improvement of people's law consciousness rise increasingly, especially the in-depth development of administrative litigation, citizens, legal persons and other organizations to sue the administrative organ is not as case quantity rise suddenly, administrative omission phenomenon caused by the masses of the people and the social widespread attention from all walks of life. This paper on the administrative omission systematically, to the concept, characteristics for the starting point, discusses its constitutive requirements and classification, proposed to our country administrative omission of legal proposals.To manage the administrative omission should carry out occupation moral education, perfecting administrative accountability mechanisms, perfect administrative omission litigation system, and administrative omission liability into the scope of state compensation.
This paper is divided into four parts. The first part is the basic theory of the administrative omission, including the omission of the concept, features and elements. The administrative omission is defined as the administrative subject has positive obligation and have as a possibility, but in external morphology is not as negative or only preparatory program behaviour, according to legal provisions or presumed has meant that the behavior. Based on this, the administrative omission illegality, negative, concealment and the social harmfulness of four main characteristics. The second part along the rule of administrative law development, further analysis of the executive is not as the theory basis of the regulation of law. The third part of the legal regulation of administrative omission beforehand. By constructing the scientific administration and civil service system, from the source to reduce administrative omission; play the administrative procedural law in the control of administrative nonfeasance in rats; strengthen the supervision, control of administrative omission. The fourth part of the legal regulation of administrative omission. Through the expansion of administrative omission in our country judicial remedy scope, abstract administrative omission, against the public interest into the legal regulation limits; to further improve the administrative omission in our country compensation system. At last puts forward, on the control of administrative omission is a systems engineering, involves not only all the administrative law theory and system, even involving the constitutional, administrative and other problems. The executive is not as the unique theory value of its charm.
Key words：administrative deed nonfeasance legal regulation the rule of law society compensation of the nonfeasance
目 录
中文摘要 ……………………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
英文摘要 ……………………………………………………………………………Ⅳ
引言……………………………………………………………………………………1
一、行政不作为的基本理论…………………………………………………………6
（一）行政不作为的概念…………………………………………………………6
1．学界主要观点 ………………………………………………………………6
2．划分原则 ……………………………………………………………………8
3．概念之界定…………………………………………………………………9
（二）行政不作为的特征…………………………………………………………10
1．违法性………………………………………………………………………10
2．消极性………………………………………………………………………11
3．程序性………………………………………………………………………12
4．非自由裁量性………………………………………………………………12
二、行政不作为法律规制的理论基础………………………………………………14
（一）社会权对于行政不作为的影响……………………………………………14
1．社会权的内涵………………………………………………………………14
2．社会权对行政不作为的影响………………………………………………15
（二）从自由法治国向社会法治国的转变 ……………………………………16
1．自由法治国…………………………………………………………………16
2．社会法治国…………………………………………………………………16
（三）公民公权利的扩张及公权救济制度的强化 ……………………………17
三、预防行政不作为的前置措施 …………………………………………………19
（一）合理配置行政职权 ………………………………………………………19
1．大力推进大部制改革………………………………………………………19
2．规范法律、法规授权的组织………………………………………………20
（二）加强公务员队伍建设 ……………………………………………………20
1．加强公务员制度建设………………………………………………………20
2．加强公务员能力建设………………………………………………………22
3．加强公务员作风建设………………………………………………………23
（三）规范行政程序 ……………………………………………………………23
1．加强行政公开制度…………………………………………………………24
2．健全行政时效制度…………………………………………………………26
四、行政不作为的法律规制…………………………………………………………28
（一）扩大行政不作为司法救济的范围 ………………………………………28
1．关于抽象行政不作为………………………………………………………28
2．关于侵犯公共利益的行政不作为…………………………………………29
3．关于公民、法人和其他组织被侵犯的权益种类…………………………31
（二）完善我国行政不作为的赔偿制度 ………………………………………32
1．对行政不作为负国家赔偿责任的必要性及其价值………………………32
2．行政不作为的国家赔偿责任构成要件……………………………………34
3．行政不作为国家赔偿的实现与完善的立法建议…………………………35
五、结论 ……………………………………………………………………………36
参考文献 ……………………………………………………………………………37 |
